Paris Has Fallen (2024) s01e06 Episode Script
Episode 6
1
(Dynamic music) ♪
(Text on screen)
(SOMBRE MUSIC PLAYING)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
I didn't tell them anything. I swear.
If you get involved, we blow
our chances of catching Pearce
(BOTH GRUNTING)
She recognised you. You blew it.
Give yourself up or
she gets a bullet in her head.
FREJA: Fuck!
- (HELICOPTER WHIRRING)
- (SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
FREJA: Go!
(SPEAKING FRENCH)
They knew we were coming.
ZARA: Are we any closer
to finding out how Pearce knew
about the uranium on the plane?
You think someone's
feeding information?
Matis, we locked down the
whole area around the tunnel.
- And Pearce still got away.
- ZARA: I get it.
You work with these people.
You trust them.
I'll launch an investigation.
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(ALARM BLARING)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC CONTINUES)
BRI OFFICER: (SPEAKING FRENCH)
Yes, boss. Understood.
We're coming now.
(HINGES CREAKING)
(THUDS)
(DOOR CLOSING)
(THRILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(DOOR CLOSING)
Do you want a coffee? A sandwich?
Tell us where the bomb is
and we can cut a deal.
We're gonna find it.
And when we do, whatever
leverage you had is gone.
JACOB: Hmm.
(CHILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(JACOB SIGHS)
Are you comfortable?
The Taliban
would make me
hold these positions for hours.
And when I moved
they'd burn me
with a blowtorch.
You offer me coffee and sandwiches.
(EXHALES)
Are we any closer to finding out
who's working with Pearce?
We're analysing Pearce's phone.
There are details of some bank accounts
he's been paying money into.
By the morning, we should know who
the accounts belong to. Right?
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(SIGHS)
You're still pissed at me?
I was.
(LAUGHS SOFTLY)
But maybe you were right.
I held a gun to Esin's head.
I was gonna shoot her. I mean
What kind of person does that?
You knew how much Esin meant to Pearce.
You knew he'd surrender.
Did I?
We wouldn't have got Pearce
if it wasn't for you.
(PENSIVE MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
- (KNOCKING ON DOOR)
- (IN FRENCH) Madam President.
Pearce said what he was going
to do with the bomb?
No. His interrogation yielded nothing.
There must be something he wants.
Something he's looking for.
If that's the case,
he didn't tell us about it.
What will they do with Pearce?
He will be charged and put on trial.
We need to find a permanent solution.
(BEAN SLOT OPENING)
(BEAN SLOT CLOSING)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC FADES)
(LIGHT SWITCH CLICKS)
I'm not a very nice person.
Why would you say that?
What happened?
You have to talk to me.
I can't.
It's really hard,
knowing you have this other life.
All these secrets.
I'm trying to be as honest as I can be.
I really don't want my job
to get in the way of us.
Neither do I.
(PENSIVE MUSIC PLAYING)
(CALM MUSIC PLAYING)
(INDISTINCT CONVERSATION)
Lucas?
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
Eh?
He was working for Pearce.
(DOOR OPENING)
ZARA: I can't believe it was Lucas.
For the record, an MI6 investigation,
we'll have to do this
interrogation in English.
LUCAS: This is bullshit.
I didn't do anything.
(MATIS SIGHS)
What's that?
It's a statement of a bank account
Pearce was putting money into.
- It's in your name.
- No. I've never heard about that.
You weren't paying them?
You weren't using the money
to pay off your gambling debts?
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
you weren't gambling anymore.
I know, I know.
I thought I had it under control.
But that doesn't mean
I took money from Pearce.
(SIGHS)
- You sent a text to Pearce.
- What text?
"The task force have found Esin."
- I never wrote that.
- You never wrote that?
- It's on your phone.
- Must've been hacked, then.
I did not write that message.
MATIS: There are other messages.
Pearce's people don't know
Lucas has been arrested.
(MATIS SPEAKING INDISTINCTIVELY)
They might contact him.
- MATIS: You never wrote that?
- Let's monitor his phone.
LUCAS: I told you.
I told you, it must have been hacked.
We do it all the time.
- Hey, Simone.
- Has he said anything?
(SIGHS) He says he's being set up.
But he would say that.
Me and Lucas dated for a little while.
(MATIS SPEAKING INDISTINCTIVELY)
What happened?
(SIGHS) I don't think
either of us was really into it.
I just can't believe he sold out
for money.
ZARA: Yeah, he was gambling.
He was in debt.
When we were dating,
he never once paid for dinner.
He said it was
because he was a feminist.
That definitely sounds like bullshit.
Yeah.
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(THRILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(HANDCUFFS CLANKING)
FREJA: They're holding him
at the Task Force headquarters.
What if Pearce reveals our role
in financing the operation?
FREJA OVER THE PHONE: He won't.
He isn't going to talk.
RICHARD: Do you have a plan
to get him out?
It's not going to be easy.
We are working on it.
(PHONE BEEPS)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
Lucas knows
how they treat cops in prison.
He's gonna make a deal.
- Maybe he tells us where the bomb is.
- He doesn't know.
Maybe he tells us
where we can find Esin?
You know we can put her
on a plane to Afghanistan,
hand her over to the Taliban.
She gets to try some of those
stress positions you love so much.
Careful.
What are you gonna do?
I won't come for you, Zara, but I will
come for the people you love.
(DOOR CLOSING)
He knows my name.
Lucas must have told him.
There you are.
I got a call from the director.
Pearce has been transferred
to Evreux Base.
The military airbase? What? How come?
Maybe after what happened to Lucas,
they think it's more secure.
We'll lose access to him.
Look, I don't like it
any more than you, okay?
We don't even know
what Pearce wants yet.
He hasn't made any demands.
Maybe I should try
talking to him alone.
Why?
He thinks we have
some kind of connection.
Okay.
(LOCKS UNLATCHING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(DOOR CLOSING)
I know how it feels to risk
your life for your country,
and I know how it feels to be betrayed.
I understand why you want to kill
the people who did that to you.
Esin told me what happened
with those men, what you did.
I'm grateful. Thank you.
Why are you going after the President?
Because she authorised the operation
that killed Amina Sayyid
and her children?
No. No.
She murdered a mother
and her two innocent children.
That's what she did. That's the truth.
You know it. So do I.
And yet you're still prepared to work
for her and her government. Why?
Why, Vincent?
What if the President admits her
responsibility for their deaths?
Would that be enough for you
to stop detonating the bomb?
I can speak to the President.
She'll listen to me.
Because you were
on her protection detail?
Would you take a bullet for her?
If I had to, yes.
Hmm.
Good.
Good.
We should only ever be prepared to die
for those we really love.
(PENSIVE MUSIC PLAYING)
Do you want me
to speak to the President
or not?
(MELANCHOLIC MUSIC PLAYING)
- (LOCKS UNLATCHING)
- (DOOR OPENING)
(MYSTERIOUS MUSIC PLAYING)
(DOOR SLAMS)
ZARA: Vincent.
I spoke to a contact at DGSE.
They're transferring
Pearce to the airfield
so they can fly him out
to a black site in Morocco.
- Who authorised it?
- The President.
She wants to stop Pearce
revealing what she did.
No one gets out of those places alive.
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(DOOR OPENING)
- FREJA: Yes?
- RICHARD: Yes. Do you have any news?
Everything's ready.
It's happening tonight.
Okay. Well, keep me updated please.
Thank you.
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
Lucas just got a message asking
if they plan to move Jacob.
They want to ambush the convoy.
We have to postpone moving him.
If we don't reply, Pearce's people
will know we've arrested Lucas.
Let's tell them the route.
We have
an assault team shadow the convoy.
And when Pearce's guys attack,
they take them out.
(EXHALES)
Zara, we can't risk losing Pearce.
We don't have to.
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC CONTINUES)
(HELICOPTER WHIRRING)
(MOTORCYCLE REVVING)
ALEXANDER: Step up.
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(SIRENS BLARING)
(THRILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(SIRENS BLARING)
(ALEXANDER SPEAKING FRENCH)
(MYSTERIOUS MUSIC PLAYING)
(SIRENS BLARING)
until they reach the airbase?
In about 15 minutes.
If they're going to attack
the convoy, it will be soon.
(VINCENT SIGHS)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
Okay.
just arrived at the air base.
There wasn't an ambush.
Maybe they knew it was a trap.
- How?
- What if it's not just Lucas?
(INTRIGUING MUSIC PLAYING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
- (MUFFLED GUNSHOTS)
- (GRUNTS)
(GROANS)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(JACOB TAPPING)
(CHILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(PHONE RINGING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
- Simone found something in his cell.
- MATIS: What?
I don't know. I'm gonna check it out.
(JACOB TAPPING INTENSELY)
(LIFT DINGS)
(JACOB'S TAPPING CONTINUES)
I swear to fucking God,
I will shoot you if you don't stop.
Zara. Zara, take it easy.
Zara.
(LIFT DINGS)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
Simone?
(TAPPING RESUMES)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(GUN COCKS)
(BOTH GRUNTING)
(GRUNTS)
(LIFT DINGS)
(VINCENT PANTING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(PANTS)
(PHONE VIBRATING)
- They're coming for Pearce.
They're dressed as RAID officers.
Stay where you are. I'm coming to you.
(JACOB TAPPING INTENSELY)
(TAPPING CONTINUES)
(ALARM BEEPING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(TAPPING CONTINUES)
(GUNSHOT)
Wake up. Wake the fuck up.
(ALARM CONTINUES BEEPING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(GUNSHOT)
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(GRUNTS)
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
Matis?
(ALARM BEEPING)
Okay. Let's go.
- Zara?
- MATIS: Go!
Get him!
(GROANS)
Come on, he'll be fine! He'll be fine.
- Where's Pearce?
- This way.
Simone?
What the fuck is she doing?
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(EXPLOSION)
Go.
Antoni would be very proud
of what you did tonight.
(CROWD CHATTERING)
Are you okay?
I'm pretty fucking far from okay.
(CROWD CHATTERING CONTINUES)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(CROWD CHATTERING)
How's Matis?
He's stable. He's gonna make it.
VINCENT: Simone must've hacked Lucas'
phone and planted the other evidence.
They were never
gonna ambush the convoy.
They wanted Pearce
to stay in the building.
Yeah.
You know, Simone was like
top of her class.
Citations for bravery. Glowing reports.
She sells out for money?
It doesn't make sense.
You liked her and you hate it
because you didn't realise
she was lying to you.
There was that.
Oh, shit.
(CHATTERING FADES)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(SIGHS)
(FORK LIFT WHIRRING)
(PHONE VIBRATING)
(IN FRENCH) Hello?
Don't try and trace this call.
I won't be on the line long enough.
What do you want?
I need you to give a message
to the President for me.
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC SWELLS)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
Sub extracted from file & improved by
(Dynamic music) ♪
(Text on screen)
(SOMBRE MUSIC PLAYING)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
I didn't tell them anything. I swear.
If you get involved, we blow
our chances of catching Pearce
(BOTH GRUNTING)
She recognised you. You blew it.
Give yourself up or
she gets a bullet in her head.
FREJA: Fuck!
- (HELICOPTER WHIRRING)
- (SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
FREJA: Go!
(SPEAKING FRENCH)
They knew we were coming.
ZARA: Are we any closer
to finding out how Pearce knew
about the uranium on the plane?
You think someone's
feeding information?
Matis, we locked down the
whole area around the tunnel.
- And Pearce still got away.
- ZARA: I get it.
You work with these people.
You trust them.
I'll launch an investigation.
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(ALARM BLARING)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC CONTINUES)
BRI OFFICER: (SPEAKING FRENCH)
Yes, boss. Understood.
We're coming now.
(HINGES CREAKING)
(THUDS)
(DOOR CLOSING)
(THRILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(DOOR CLOSING)
Do you want a coffee? A sandwich?
Tell us where the bomb is
and we can cut a deal.
We're gonna find it.
And when we do, whatever
leverage you had is gone.
JACOB: Hmm.
(CHILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(JACOB SIGHS)
Are you comfortable?
The Taliban
would make me
hold these positions for hours.
And when I moved
they'd burn me
with a blowtorch.
You offer me coffee and sandwiches.
(EXHALES)
Are we any closer to finding out
who's working with Pearce?
We're analysing Pearce's phone.
There are details of some bank accounts
he's been paying money into.
By the morning, we should know who
the accounts belong to. Right?
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(SIGHS)
You're still pissed at me?
I was.
(LAUGHS SOFTLY)
But maybe you were right.
I held a gun to Esin's head.
I was gonna shoot her. I mean
What kind of person does that?
You knew how much Esin meant to Pearce.
You knew he'd surrender.
Did I?
We wouldn't have got Pearce
if it wasn't for you.
(PENSIVE MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
- (KNOCKING ON DOOR)
- (IN FRENCH) Madam President.
Pearce said what he was going
to do with the bomb?
No. His interrogation yielded nothing.
There must be something he wants.
Something he's looking for.
If that's the case,
he didn't tell us about it.
What will they do with Pearce?
He will be charged and put on trial.
We need to find a permanent solution.
(BEAN SLOT OPENING)
(BEAN SLOT CLOSING)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC FADES)
(LIGHT SWITCH CLICKS)
I'm not a very nice person.
Why would you say that?
What happened?
You have to talk to me.
I can't.
It's really hard,
knowing you have this other life.
All these secrets.
I'm trying to be as honest as I can be.
I really don't want my job
to get in the way of us.
Neither do I.
(PENSIVE MUSIC PLAYING)
(CALM MUSIC PLAYING)
(INDISTINCT CONVERSATION)
Lucas?
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
Eh?
He was working for Pearce.
(DOOR OPENING)
ZARA: I can't believe it was Lucas.
For the record, an MI6 investigation,
we'll have to do this
interrogation in English.
LUCAS: This is bullshit.
I didn't do anything.
(MATIS SIGHS)
What's that?
It's a statement of a bank account
Pearce was putting money into.
- It's in your name.
- No. I've never heard about that.
You weren't paying them?
You weren't using the money
to pay off your gambling debts?
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
you weren't gambling anymore.
I know, I know.
I thought I had it under control.
But that doesn't mean
I took money from Pearce.
(SIGHS)
- You sent a text to Pearce.
- What text?
"The task force have found Esin."
- I never wrote that.
- You never wrote that?
- It's on your phone.
- Must've been hacked, then.
I did not write that message.
MATIS: There are other messages.
Pearce's people don't know
Lucas has been arrested.
(MATIS SPEAKING INDISTINCTIVELY)
They might contact him.
- MATIS: You never wrote that?
- Let's monitor his phone.
LUCAS: I told you.
I told you, it must have been hacked.
We do it all the time.
- Hey, Simone.
- Has he said anything?
(SIGHS) He says he's being set up.
But he would say that.
Me and Lucas dated for a little while.
(MATIS SPEAKING INDISTINCTIVELY)
What happened?
(SIGHS) I don't think
either of us was really into it.
I just can't believe he sold out
for money.
ZARA: Yeah, he was gambling.
He was in debt.
When we were dating,
he never once paid for dinner.
He said it was
because he was a feminist.
That definitely sounds like bullshit.
Yeah.
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(THRILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(HANDCUFFS CLANKING)
FREJA: They're holding him
at the Task Force headquarters.
What if Pearce reveals our role
in financing the operation?
FREJA OVER THE PHONE: He won't.
He isn't going to talk.
RICHARD: Do you have a plan
to get him out?
It's not going to be easy.
We are working on it.
(PHONE BEEPS)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
Lucas knows
how they treat cops in prison.
He's gonna make a deal.
- Maybe he tells us where the bomb is.
- He doesn't know.
Maybe he tells us
where we can find Esin?
You know we can put her
on a plane to Afghanistan,
hand her over to the Taliban.
She gets to try some of those
stress positions you love so much.
Careful.
What are you gonna do?
I won't come for you, Zara, but I will
come for the people you love.
(DOOR CLOSING)
He knows my name.
Lucas must have told him.
There you are.
I got a call from the director.
Pearce has been transferred
to Evreux Base.
The military airbase? What? How come?
Maybe after what happened to Lucas,
they think it's more secure.
We'll lose access to him.
Look, I don't like it
any more than you, okay?
We don't even know
what Pearce wants yet.
He hasn't made any demands.
Maybe I should try
talking to him alone.
Why?
He thinks we have
some kind of connection.
Okay.
(LOCKS UNLATCHING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(DOOR CLOSING)
I know how it feels to risk
your life for your country,
and I know how it feels to be betrayed.
I understand why you want to kill
the people who did that to you.
Esin told me what happened
with those men, what you did.
I'm grateful. Thank you.
Why are you going after the President?
Because she authorised the operation
that killed Amina Sayyid
and her children?
No. No.
She murdered a mother
and her two innocent children.
That's what she did. That's the truth.
You know it. So do I.
And yet you're still prepared to work
for her and her government. Why?
Why, Vincent?
What if the President admits her
responsibility for their deaths?
Would that be enough for you
to stop detonating the bomb?
I can speak to the President.
She'll listen to me.
Because you were
on her protection detail?
Would you take a bullet for her?
If I had to, yes.
Hmm.
Good.
Good.
We should only ever be prepared to die
for those we really love.
(PENSIVE MUSIC PLAYING)
Do you want me
to speak to the President
or not?
(MELANCHOLIC MUSIC PLAYING)
- (LOCKS UNLATCHING)
- (DOOR OPENING)
(MYSTERIOUS MUSIC PLAYING)
(DOOR SLAMS)
ZARA: Vincent.
I spoke to a contact at DGSE.
They're transferring
Pearce to the airfield
so they can fly him out
to a black site in Morocco.
- Who authorised it?
- The President.
She wants to stop Pearce
revealing what she did.
No one gets out of those places alive.
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(DOOR OPENING)
- FREJA: Yes?
- RICHARD: Yes. Do you have any news?
Everything's ready.
It's happening tonight.
Okay. Well, keep me updated please.
Thank you.
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
Lucas just got a message asking
if they plan to move Jacob.
They want to ambush the convoy.
We have to postpone moving him.
If we don't reply, Pearce's people
will know we've arrested Lucas.
Let's tell them the route.
We have
an assault team shadow the convoy.
And when Pearce's guys attack,
they take them out.
(EXHALES)
Zara, we can't risk losing Pearce.
We don't have to.
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC CONTINUES)
(HELICOPTER WHIRRING)
(MOTORCYCLE REVVING)
ALEXANDER: Step up.
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(SIRENS BLARING)
(THRILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(SIRENS BLARING)
(ALEXANDER SPEAKING FRENCH)
(MYSTERIOUS MUSIC PLAYING)
(SIRENS BLARING)
until they reach the airbase?
In about 15 minutes.
If they're going to attack
the convoy, it will be soon.
(VINCENT SIGHS)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
Okay.
just arrived at the air base.
There wasn't an ambush.
Maybe they knew it was a trap.
- How?
- What if it's not just Lucas?
(INTRIGUING MUSIC PLAYING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
- (MUFFLED GUNSHOTS)
- (GRUNTS)
(GROANS)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(JACOB TAPPING)
(CHILLING MUSIC PLAYING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(PHONE RINGING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
- Simone found something in his cell.
- MATIS: What?
I don't know. I'm gonna check it out.
(JACOB TAPPING INTENSELY)
(LIFT DINGS)
(JACOB'S TAPPING CONTINUES)
I swear to fucking God,
I will shoot you if you don't stop.
Zara. Zara, take it easy.
Zara.
(LIFT DINGS)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
Simone?
(TAPPING RESUMES)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(GUN COCKS)
(BOTH GRUNTING)
(GRUNTS)
(LIFT DINGS)
(VINCENT PANTING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(PANTS)
(PHONE VIBRATING)
- They're coming for Pearce.
They're dressed as RAID officers.
Stay where you are. I'm coming to you.
(JACOB TAPPING INTENSELY)
(TAPPING CONTINUES)
(ALARM BEEPING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(TAPPING CONTINUES)
(GUNSHOT)
Wake up. Wake the fuck up.
(ALARM CONTINUES BEEPING)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(GUNSHOT)
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(GRUNTS)
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
Matis?
(ALARM BEEPING)
Okay. Let's go.
- Zara?
- MATIS: Go!
Get him!
(GROANS)
Come on, he'll be fine! He'll be fine.
- Where's Pearce?
- This way.
Simone?
What the fuck is she doing?
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(EXPLOSION)
Go.
Antoni would be very proud
of what you did tonight.
(CROWD CHATTERING)
Are you okay?
I'm pretty fucking far from okay.
(CROWD CHATTERING CONTINUES)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
(CROWD CHATTERING)
How's Matis?
He's stable. He's gonna make it.
VINCENT: Simone must've hacked Lucas'
phone and planted the other evidence.
They were never
gonna ambush the convoy.
They wanted Pearce
to stay in the building.
Yeah.
You know, Simone was like
top of her class.
Citations for bravery. Glowing reports.
She sells out for money?
It doesn't make sense.
You liked her and you hate it
because you didn't realise
she was lying to you.
There was that.
Oh, shit.
(CHATTERING FADES)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(SIGHS)
(FORK LIFT WHIRRING)
(PHONE VIBRATING)
(IN FRENCH) Hello?
Don't try and trace this call.
I won't be on the line long enough.
What do you want?
I need you to give a message
to the President for me.
(INTENSE MUSIC PLAYING)
(INTENSE MUSIC SWELLS)
(SPEAKING IN FRENCH)
(SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYING)
Sub extracted from file & improved by