Mankind: The Story of All of Us (2012) s01e10 Episode Script
Revolutions
Narrator: You dream of freedom Strive for progress Old world swept away Now a potential unbound New Horizons and new dangers That propel us towards the lives we live today Amidst the chaos of a unforgiving planet Most species will fail But for one all the pieces will fall into place And a set of keys will unlock a path for Mankind to triumph This is our story.
The story of all of us Narrator: October 1781 The back woods of Pennsylvania Alone rider with a document that will change the world The day before Yorktown Virgina Rebelled troops rub the British Army Taking seven thousand prisoner's, the end of a six year struggle Rag tag Revolutionary forces defeat the greatest military power on the planet Williams: They'd had beaten the man, They had beaten the British Empire Um it was the original grassroots campaign Men,Women,from back yards to front yards to city streets we had been born out of Revolution Machowicz: There is no doubt that the seed of that victory was inspired by the though of individual freedom and personal liberty Those ideas drove the men forward Narrator: Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman Hand picked by George Washington for a critical mission To deliver news of the British Surrender to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia The Beginning of the the end of Britain's colonial rule in North America A new kind of nation is born Government for the people by the people, Democracy An ideal that will shape the future of mankind Brand: When they American Revolution succeeded it put abroad the idea that people didn't have to except the governments the political regime that they were born into They could take matters into their own hands Wunderlich: You should be in charge of your destiny.
You should be the one to determine who you are and who you will become That's what the America Revolution really means when it spreads beyond our own borders Narrator: Revolution erupts in France Greece,Poland,Belgium, drive out Imperial Rulers In Hatti former slaves cast off their chains In Bolivia,Columbia, and Peru, rebels over throw the Spanish Empire At the very same time another Revolution is in the making Which will change the lives of every human being on the planet The Industrial Revolution For a 100 thousand years mankind has made tools to overcome the limits of the human body And extend our control over the natural world But they rely on muscle power Now mankind develops a tool with potentially unlimited power The key to the modern world,The machine Russell: This is a Revolutionary transformation that changed the way people lived Meigs: Today we live in a world that is so full of products it's hard for us to imaging what life was like before there machines Narrator: The North of England 1768, Richard Arkwright Self taught, ambitious a natural entrepreneur Russell: The root of civilization is the driving motivation of certain people at certain times, to create something new Something drives certain people It's not in most of us Narrator: Arkwright's goal is to create the machine to stretch and spin cotton perfectly John K, clockmaker brings the skills of the precision engineer The two men work at night and in secret Neighbors suspect they are practicing witch craft [whispering.]
Narrator: But the devise there making will give birth to the age of industry and the consumer society Meigs: Now you begin to get a whole group of people who can afford to get products that once upon a time were really only available to the wealthy Russell: We can now enjoy things that we could never have before We can eat things wear things play with things We can produce so much more stuff and almost all the stuff is what people actually want Narrator: Arkwright's machine turns raw cotton into thread more efficiently than any human being He becomes the worlds first industrial tycoon And creates a new kind of work place The factory [music.]
Narrator: Giant water powered factories rise across the county side Cotton production in England sky rockets in 20 years From 227 thousand pounds spun by hand to 7.
2 million pounds spun by machine Russell: The invention of the factory industrial capitalism were the most revolutionary transformation's in the history of civilization Narrator: By 1850 England has four thousand factories [sounds of cotton machines.]
Narrator: Factories build our world all made possible by a natural resource millions of years in the making Lock in strata deep underground Coal ancient rain forest compacted into peat and compressed Buried for 300 million years the suns energy trapped in every piece Frauenfelder: Coal is this magical stuff it just looks like a black hunk of greasy dirt But there is so much energy embedded that That is really its as precious as, as a jewel Narrator: Now life accelerants [sound of train.]
Narrator: Coal turns to steam It opens the age of mass transportation Frauenfelder: Steam changed everything Before we had our own muscles we had animals muscles we had fire Now we have this incredible compressive force of steam Narrator: Steam drives the railroad Mankind conquers time and space And the rail road drives one of the greatest engineering challenges we have ever faced [loud explosion.]
1852, West Virginia Mankind pushes through mountains A railroad linking Baltimore the Mid West across 380 miles of mountainous terrain America transformed [sound of train.]
Coal, steam and a new sensation speed We have always strived to go further faster.
5,000 years ago the horse triples the distance we can cover in a day By train we travel 10 times farther Meigs: Imagine your first trip on a steam railroad You climb this character behind this belching vast smoking machine Traveling so fast they thought your lungs might explode or your eyes might pop out Brands: The idea of traveling 20 miles an hour, it was mind boggling They would comment on how fast they were traveling and they weren't at all sure that the human body could sustain this.
Narrator: The Baltimore Ohio railroad is Americas most ambitious tunneling project the man in charge Benjamin Lotrobe Jr.
The son of a architect he's become one of the leading engineers in the U.
S.
The obstacle he faces the Appalachian mountains.
A towering wall of slate and limestone between the east coast and the rest of the continent Latrobe, will have to tunnel through rock, four thousand feet thick McNichol: Even today tunneling is a remarkable engineering feat Back in the mid 1800's it was unthinkable if you want to get to the other side of that range by rail you had to go through it you had to think big you had to be audacious.
Narrator: The explosive force gun powder the muscle from a new kind of pioneer Irish immigrants.
43 percent of Americans foreign born population they flee the potato famine in Ireland in search of a new life.
Here they earn less than a dollar a day but, they are praised as pioneers of civilization.
A New York newspaper proclaims: "There are many new kinds of power working at the fabric of this republic.
Steam power,Horse power and Irish power.
The last works hardest of all.
" [loud explosion.]
speaker: Who be said of immigrants you rarely see one with one with gray hair.
A worker was lucky to live long enough to have gray hair.
Narrator: To speed construction Latrobe divides the men into two teams.
Digging from opposite ends,racing to meet in the middle.
300 hundred men each shifting 600 tons of rock.
Just a few feet of rock separate.
Just a final blast of gun powder and the two tunnels will be one.
[sound of flint being lit.]
But nobody sounds the warning signal.
[expolosion.]
A man is killed others badly injured.
Americas most challenging railroad projects cost one workers life for every mile of track.
Two and half years after construction begins the line opens.
People can travel further in hours then the previous generation did in a life time.
Camarillo: Nothing to that time has profound a impact as the railroads.
It connected hinterland to city.
It allowed for the demographic explosion of a population to move in all directions were the rail was heading.
It created new towns,it created new cities.
Narrator: Now factories and railroads launched the fastest migration in the story of man kind.
And give birth to the modern mega city.
The key to our future lives.
In the western world in 50 years the number of city dwellers triples.
From 50 to more than 150 million But, the industrial mega city is chaotic over crowded and filthy A perfect breading ground for disease Through out history mans kind biggest killer In the fourteenth century the plague sweeps through Asia and Europe Killing one fifth of all people on the planet The city becomes a threat to the survival of man kind Oz: Poor sanitation was a number one cause of death in the world Humans have always face a loosing battle with bacteria And only through our ingenuity and the ability to look for different clues to what allows this bacteria to thrive can we ultimately beat them.
That has been the battle man kind has waged on bacteria throughout our known existence.
Narrator: 1854 London The largest city in the industrial world Population two and a half million A third living in slums.
Up to eight to a room Forty to a house Twice as crowded as Mumbai in India today Speaker: The entire city of London the most advanced metropolitan area in the world was really a open sewer.
Narrator: Number forty Broad street [screaming.]
the first victim Sarah Lewis' five month old daughter, dying of cholera Vibrio cholera a strain of bacteria that doubles in number every thirteen minutes attacking the stomach and intestines killing a healthy adult in hours In just three days a 127 dead in London No one knows whats causing the disease and there is no cure But one man is determined to stop it, Physician John Snow The son of a coal worker he is no stranger to urban poverty.
A man of science with a deductive powers of a detective he will enter the heart of the outbreak risking his life to find its source [knocking on the door.]
(Snow) "Good day ma'am, Dr.
John snow" Most doctors believe cholera is carried by foul air Snow has studied previous outlets hes convinced cholera is in the water A revolutionary insight that will turn the industrial city from a death trap to the engine of our world 1854 London the industrial age has turn the city into man kinds enemy A killer stalks the streets, cholera heading for the epicenter determined to the epidemic physician John Snow OZ: Cholera was this plague that would ravish through Russian society that everyone ran from He went right into it, he embraced the fear that so many had Narrator: For 300 hundred years cholera has been contained in India but as people travel farther by train and sea the disease moves with them Every Russian city overwhelmed one million dead as it spreads west it grows more virulent people fear its the new black death Poland,Germany 19 thousand dead in Paris alone 150,000 across America In less than half a square mile of London six hundred dead in just two weeks The first victim Sarah Lewis' baby daughter now her husband Racked by stomach cramps desperate thirst vomiting,diarrhea McNichol: Cholera brings on death like dehydration its one of the most brutal deaths you can imagine you loose your ability to think you loose your ability to function its a painful miserable death.
Narrator: Snow searches for a pattern of behavior in its victims OZ: What he did was to look at information analyze the data that he had in front of him and than make a miraculous discovery that change the course of human history (Snow) "Is anybody sick here" Narrator: At a near by factory Eley's munition's 18 workers dead Snow plots his findings on a map a map of the dead 578 in one small neighborhood He list the water pumps they use to see if there is a pattern (Snow) "I found that nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance to the broad street pump.
" Narrator: 2,800 people live within 100 yards of the broad street pump Most drink its water The authorities refuse to shut it down Than a new victim who doesn't fit the pattern She's from north London no where near the broad street pump Could his hypothesis be wrong? But he recognizes her name, Susanna Eley The same name as the factory where 18 men died Snow: "I am sorry to disturb you, a Suzanna Eley do, you know her" (Eley) "She, she was my mom" Narrator: Eley's Mother moved from the area a few years ago Snow: " Could you tell me Mr.
Eley did she drink the water from the broad street pump?" Narrator: But, she preferred the water from central London So, her son sent a daily supply from the broad street pump Snow: "Mr.
Eley I am sorry to tell you this but I think that water is poison, I think the water carries the Cholera.
" Narrator: It's the proof Snow's been searching for that the authorities can't ignore The broad street pump is the killer Just 3 feet from a open sewer Through cracks and crevices deadly sewerage leaks into the water supply (Snow) "Please don't this water is dangerous.
" Narrator: When the authorities remove the handle from the pump the outbreak stops John Snow's method of mapping the spread of disease is still used today OZ: It was a very clear scientific approach to taking information connecting the dots and making sense of what was happening All the information was out there but until John Snow we hadn't put the pieces together yet Narrator: But the stench of open sewers makes life in London unbearable They call it the great stink The British Parliament takes action In a age of industry engineering is the key to cities in the future The London sewer system, 1,300 miles of tunnels beneath the city 260 million specially fired bricks In the next forty years new sewer systems in Europe's cities will help reduce deaths from water born diseases by a quarter Speaker: Sewage systems really are the foundation of any major city today And with out them we wouldn't be able to exist there would be disease there would be death Sewer systems allowed us to develop into multimillion person cities Narrator: Engineering Innovation and new resources The Industrial age makes Britain the richest nation on earth A small Island nation of 17 million people Projects it's power across the planet Triggering a global struggle between the old order and the new The Industrial age turns Britain into a world power It produces half of the worlds coal four fifths of the cotton goods London's banks hold more money than all other financial centers of the world combined Britain dominates global trade it becomes a empire Powerful enough to challenge a nation 40 times it size A nation that shunned the advances of the Industrial age China, population 300 million a third of the people on earth A ancient culture the worlds largest economy Yet closed to outsiders for centuries Those barriers will soon be brought down by a flower December 12,1838 Panton southern China A dead man walking sentenced to die by strangulation British merchants look on What they do next will help trigger a war and bring a seismic shift in the balance of power from east to west A war fought over the most lucrative commodity on the planet Opium Extracted from the poppy seed pod it activates a natural substance in the brain Dopamine that controls feelings of pleasure and reward Generating a sense of euphoria and a physical addiction Ho Lao Chin, runs a lucrative opium den He gets the drug from the British They grow it in India For the British traders it's like printing money For the Chinese it's devastating Dolin: This one drug opium, has such a powerful impact on people's minds that it became the single largest commodity traded world wide in the early 19th century Narrator: 12 million Chinese are addicted 15 times more than the number of heroin addicts in the U.
S.
today Draining China's silver reserves and tearing the country apart Hsu: The addiction to opium was so wide spread than we have about 30 percent of court officials addicted It really was a disease that will cripple a great empire Narrator: The emperor's drug czar writes to Britain's Queen Victoria [Emperor.]
"By what right do they use this poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people, incoveting profit they have no regard for harming others, where is your conscience!" Narrator: The Emperor bands the drug, despite using it himself The government raid shut down opium dens across the country Over 2,000 Chinese dealers imprisoned or executed Narrator: Ho Lao Chin, sentenced to death The Emperor is sending a message to China's British supply James Ennis Tough, volatile, drug trafficker Determined to save a prize customer [Yelling.]
[Ennis.]
"Suddenly they began to beat about the head of executioner's and any china men within reach" Narrator: The brawl ends in a stand off the battle lines are drawn The British refuse to give up their most profitable trade Speaker: It supplied them with as much as one sixth of all revenue's coming into the British treasury So the opium trade was incredibly important to the British Narrator: Within a year British war ships from barred China's coast line China has 26 times the man power of Britain But, Britain the world's leading Industrial nation has ten times the fire power [Loud explosions.]
Narrator: The old order gives way to the new For the next four decades Britain's opium sales to China reach 10 million pounds a year Over 1 Billion dollars today [Gun shooting.]
Narrator: Industry and Commerce make Britain a super power Soon the largest empire in the story of man kind From South Africa to Australia, Hong Kong to Canada A global empire on which the sun never set's Across the Atlantic another conflict between past and future [Gun shooting.]
America, a nation divided The Industrial north verses the agrarian south States grown rich from farming but a economy based on a labor of 4 million slaves Wunderlich: In America were now going to see a clash between North and south between an Industrialized non slave portion of country and a portion of the country that supports an agrarian slave economy and those two things stood in the way of the free thinking which is what we were based on Brands: If you think of it as a marriage the marriage had fallen apart the difference's had become irreconcilable Narrator: The South succeeds American's new President Abraham Lincoln will do anything to keep the nation united The power of Industry will be the key to a new age of warfare Across the globe mankind faces a struggle between industrial might in a older world Launching a new age of warfare America is divided The North fighting to preserve the union The South to break away to preserve its economy based on slave labor Machowicz: Once these two ideas clash Hell is on earth Narrator: July 1863, Gettysburg Pennsylvania After two years of civil war the confederate army invades the north At blockers knoll they have union forces on the run But private Rubin Ruke stands his ground 22 years old, idealist , patriot He writes in his diary "Bullets were whistling about like hail A man behind be was shot,at that same moment the man on my left was killed he, fell with half his lent ahead of him the thought occurred that I might be next.
" Narrator: This will be the bloodiest battle ever fought in U.
S.
soil Industry in the north gives union troops a edge the latest military technology the .
52 caliber sharps carbine 90,000 of them produced in factories in the north they fire 13 rounds per minute four times faster than rubber muskets Ruke's riffle has five times the kill range of older models made deadlier by what's inside An arrow dynamic lead bullet the mini ball four hundred million of them supplied by northern factories day one, rebel troops push through union lines towards the town of Gettysburg by dusk 9,000 soldiers dead or wounded Machowicz: It's the first time you get to truly see industrialized warfare up close and personal the body counts are ridiculous the level of devastation is staggering Wunderlich: The stench must of been incredible the very disagreeable odors of blood the screams of the horses going down the screams of the men who were falling physically it's almost unthinkable of what kept them going Narrator: with a bullet in his leg Ruke is caught in the cross fire [people trying to tell others what to do.]
[shooting.]
[sounds of flies buzzing around bodies.]
In this war 600,000 will loose there lives "There must of been 10 or 12 amputations in this room the doctor's had their sleeves rolled up and were covered in blood Narrator: But the carnage brings medical progress field hospitals on the front line professional doctor's anesthetic's mainly chloroform are pioneered used in 95 percent of all surgical operations through the war The introduction in female nurses greatly improves hygiene and patient care survival rates sky rocket by 60 percent Ruke will survive his wounds and return to his life as a farmer Union troops are forced back but the North superior infrastruture will turn the battle in their favor modern communication's linking headquarters to the battle field more factories, producing better weapons and more railroads bringing reinforcement's weapons and supplies to troops in battle Wunderlich: During the civil war were going to see the union turning out train after train, after train being able to produce incredibly complicated weapons maintain them deliver them at high speed using industrial methodology's all along the way it's world changing Narrator: 15 thousand tons of supplies arrive at Gettysburg by train in just one day The confederate advance falters the battle turns the north's industrial might secures them ultimate victory Four months later Abraham Lincoln consecrates the battle field as a cemetery with the Gettysburg address [Lincoln.]
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought fourth on this continent a new nation concieved in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
" Narrator: America four million slaves gain their freedom the union wins the civil war the nation, united once more [Lincoln.]
"We hear highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vein, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.
" Narrator: In three generations mankind has won new freedoms and harnessed new powers, now the spread of industry will transform our world and excelerate the pace of life creating new dangers, by pushing us to greater heights
The story of all of us Narrator: October 1781 The back woods of Pennsylvania Alone rider with a document that will change the world The day before Yorktown Virgina Rebelled troops rub the British Army Taking seven thousand prisoner's, the end of a six year struggle Rag tag Revolutionary forces defeat the greatest military power on the planet Williams: They'd had beaten the man, They had beaten the British Empire Um it was the original grassroots campaign Men,Women,from back yards to front yards to city streets we had been born out of Revolution Machowicz: There is no doubt that the seed of that victory was inspired by the though of individual freedom and personal liberty Those ideas drove the men forward Narrator: Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman Hand picked by George Washington for a critical mission To deliver news of the British Surrender to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia The Beginning of the the end of Britain's colonial rule in North America A new kind of nation is born Government for the people by the people, Democracy An ideal that will shape the future of mankind Brand: When they American Revolution succeeded it put abroad the idea that people didn't have to except the governments the political regime that they were born into They could take matters into their own hands Wunderlich: You should be in charge of your destiny.
You should be the one to determine who you are and who you will become That's what the America Revolution really means when it spreads beyond our own borders Narrator: Revolution erupts in France Greece,Poland,Belgium, drive out Imperial Rulers In Hatti former slaves cast off their chains In Bolivia,Columbia, and Peru, rebels over throw the Spanish Empire At the very same time another Revolution is in the making Which will change the lives of every human being on the planet The Industrial Revolution For a 100 thousand years mankind has made tools to overcome the limits of the human body And extend our control over the natural world But they rely on muscle power Now mankind develops a tool with potentially unlimited power The key to the modern world,The machine Russell: This is a Revolutionary transformation that changed the way people lived Meigs: Today we live in a world that is so full of products it's hard for us to imaging what life was like before there machines Narrator: The North of England 1768, Richard Arkwright Self taught, ambitious a natural entrepreneur Russell: The root of civilization is the driving motivation of certain people at certain times, to create something new Something drives certain people It's not in most of us Narrator: Arkwright's goal is to create the machine to stretch and spin cotton perfectly John K, clockmaker brings the skills of the precision engineer The two men work at night and in secret Neighbors suspect they are practicing witch craft [whispering.]
Narrator: But the devise there making will give birth to the age of industry and the consumer society Meigs: Now you begin to get a whole group of people who can afford to get products that once upon a time were really only available to the wealthy Russell: We can now enjoy things that we could never have before We can eat things wear things play with things We can produce so much more stuff and almost all the stuff is what people actually want Narrator: Arkwright's machine turns raw cotton into thread more efficiently than any human being He becomes the worlds first industrial tycoon And creates a new kind of work place The factory [music.]
Narrator: Giant water powered factories rise across the county side Cotton production in England sky rockets in 20 years From 227 thousand pounds spun by hand to 7.
2 million pounds spun by machine Russell: The invention of the factory industrial capitalism were the most revolutionary transformation's in the history of civilization Narrator: By 1850 England has four thousand factories [sounds of cotton machines.]
Narrator: Factories build our world all made possible by a natural resource millions of years in the making Lock in strata deep underground Coal ancient rain forest compacted into peat and compressed Buried for 300 million years the suns energy trapped in every piece Frauenfelder: Coal is this magical stuff it just looks like a black hunk of greasy dirt But there is so much energy embedded that That is really its as precious as, as a jewel Narrator: Now life accelerants [sound of train.]
Narrator: Coal turns to steam It opens the age of mass transportation Frauenfelder: Steam changed everything Before we had our own muscles we had animals muscles we had fire Now we have this incredible compressive force of steam Narrator: Steam drives the railroad Mankind conquers time and space And the rail road drives one of the greatest engineering challenges we have ever faced [loud explosion.]
1852, West Virginia Mankind pushes through mountains A railroad linking Baltimore the Mid West across 380 miles of mountainous terrain America transformed [sound of train.]
Coal, steam and a new sensation speed We have always strived to go further faster.
5,000 years ago the horse triples the distance we can cover in a day By train we travel 10 times farther Meigs: Imagine your first trip on a steam railroad You climb this character behind this belching vast smoking machine Traveling so fast they thought your lungs might explode or your eyes might pop out Brands: The idea of traveling 20 miles an hour, it was mind boggling They would comment on how fast they were traveling and they weren't at all sure that the human body could sustain this.
Narrator: The Baltimore Ohio railroad is Americas most ambitious tunneling project the man in charge Benjamin Lotrobe Jr.
The son of a architect he's become one of the leading engineers in the U.
S.
The obstacle he faces the Appalachian mountains.
A towering wall of slate and limestone between the east coast and the rest of the continent Latrobe, will have to tunnel through rock, four thousand feet thick McNichol: Even today tunneling is a remarkable engineering feat Back in the mid 1800's it was unthinkable if you want to get to the other side of that range by rail you had to go through it you had to think big you had to be audacious.
Narrator: The explosive force gun powder the muscle from a new kind of pioneer Irish immigrants.
43 percent of Americans foreign born population they flee the potato famine in Ireland in search of a new life.
Here they earn less than a dollar a day but, they are praised as pioneers of civilization.
A New York newspaper proclaims: "There are many new kinds of power working at the fabric of this republic.
Steam power,Horse power and Irish power.
The last works hardest of all.
" [loud explosion.]
speaker: Who be said of immigrants you rarely see one with one with gray hair.
A worker was lucky to live long enough to have gray hair.
Narrator: To speed construction Latrobe divides the men into two teams.
Digging from opposite ends,racing to meet in the middle.
300 hundred men each shifting 600 tons of rock.
Just a few feet of rock separate.
Just a final blast of gun powder and the two tunnels will be one.
[sound of flint being lit.]
But nobody sounds the warning signal.
[expolosion.]
A man is killed others badly injured.
Americas most challenging railroad projects cost one workers life for every mile of track.
Two and half years after construction begins the line opens.
People can travel further in hours then the previous generation did in a life time.
Camarillo: Nothing to that time has profound a impact as the railroads.
It connected hinterland to city.
It allowed for the demographic explosion of a population to move in all directions were the rail was heading.
It created new towns,it created new cities.
Narrator: Now factories and railroads launched the fastest migration in the story of man kind.
And give birth to the modern mega city.
The key to our future lives.
In the western world in 50 years the number of city dwellers triples.
From 50 to more than 150 million But, the industrial mega city is chaotic over crowded and filthy A perfect breading ground for disease Through out history mans kind biggest killer In the fourteenth century the plague sweeps through Asia and Europe Killing one fifth of all people on the planet The city becomes a threat to the survival of man kind Oz: Poor sanitation was a number one cause of death in the world Humans have always face a loosing battle with bacteria And only through our ingenuity and the ability to look for different clues to what allows this bacteria to thrive can we ultimately beat them.
That has been the battle man kind has waged on bacteria throughout our known existence.
Narrator: 1854 London The largest city in the industrial world Population two and a half million A third living in slums.
Up to eight to a room Forty to a house Twice as crowded as Mumbai in India today Speaker: The entire city of London the most advanced metropolitan area in the world was really a open sewer.
Narrator: Number forty Broad street [screaming.]
the first victim Sarah Lewis' five month old daughter, dying of cholera Vibrio cholera a strain of bacteria that doubles in number every thirteen minutes attacking the stomach and intestines killing a healthy adult in hours In just three days a 127 dead in London No one knows whats causing the disease and there is no cure But one man is determined to stop it, Physician John Snow The son of a coal worker he is no stranger to urban poverty.
A man of science with a deductive powers of a detective he will enter the heart of the outbreak risking his life to find its source [knocking on the door.]
(Snow) "Good day ma'am, Dr.
John snow" Most doctors believe cholera is carried by foul air Snow has studied previous outlets hes convinced cholera is in the water A revolutionary insight that will turn the industrial city from a death trap to the engine of our world 1854 London the industrial age has turn the city into man kinds enemy A killer stalks the streets, cholera heading for the epicenter determined to the epidemic physician John Snow OZ: Cholera was this plague that would ravish through Russian society that everyone ran from He went right into it, he embraced the fear that so many had Narrator: For 300 hundred years cholera has been contained in India but as people travel farther by train and sea the disease moves with them Every Russian city overwhelmed one million dead as it spreads west it grows more virulent people fear its the new black death Poland,Germany 19 thousand dead in Paris alone 150,000 across America In less than half a square mile of London six hundred dead in just two weeks The first victim Sarah Lewis' baby daughter now her husband Racked by stomach cramps desperate thirst vomiting,diarrhea McNichol: Cholera brings on death like dehydration its one of the most brutal deaths you can imagine you loose your ability to think you loose your ability to function its a painful miserable death.
Narrator: Snow searches for a pattern of behavior in its victims OZ: What he did was to look at information analyze the data that he had in front of him and than make a miraculous discovery that change the course of human history (Snow) "Is anybody sick here" Narrator: At a near by factory Eley's munition's 18 workers dead Snow plots his findings on a map a map of the dead 578 in one small neighborhood He list the water pumps they use to see if there is a pattern (Snow) "I found that nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance to the broad street pump.
" Narrator: 2,800 people live within 100 yards of the broad street pump Most drink its water The authorities refuse to shut it down Than a new victim who doesn't fit the pattern She's from north London no where near the broad street pump Could his hypothesis be wrong? But he recognizes her name, Susanna Eley The same name as the factory where 18 men died Snow: "I am sorry to disturb you, a Suzanna Eley do, you know her" (Eley) "She, she was my mom" Narrator: Eley's Mother moved from the area a few years ago Snow: " Could you tell me Mr.
Eley did she drink the water from the broad street pump?" Narrator: But, she preferred the water from central London So, her son sent a daily supply from the broad street pump Snow: "Mr.
Eley I am sorry to tell you this but I think that water is poison, I think the water carries the Cholera.
" Narrator: It's the proof Snow's been searching for that the authorities can't ignore The broad street pump is the killer Just 3 feet from a open sewer Through cracks and crevices deadly sewerage leaks into the water supply (Snow) "Please don't this water is dangerous.
" Narrator: When the authorities remove the handle from the pump the outbreak stops John Snow's method of mapping the spread of disease is still used today OZ: It was a very clear scientific approach to taking information connecting the dots and making sense of what was happening All the information was out there but until John Snow we hadn't put the pieces together yet Narrator: But the stench of open sewers makes life in London unbearable They call it the great stink The British Parliament takes action In a age of industry engineering is the key to cities in the future The London sewer system, 1,300 miles of tunnels beneath the city 260 million specially fired bricks In the next forty years new sewer systems in Europe's cities will help reduce deaths from water born diseases by a quarter Speaker: Sewage systems really are the foundation of any major city today And with out them we wouldn't be able to exist there would be disease there would be death Sewer systems allowed us to develop into multimillion person cities Narrator: Engineering Innovation and new resources The Industrial age makes Britain the richest nation on earth A small Island nation of 17 million people Projects it's power across the planet Triggering a global struggle between the old order and the new The Industrial age turns Britain into a world power It produces half of the worlds coal four fifths of the cotton goods London's banks hold more money than all other financial centers of the world combined Britain dominates global trade it becomes a empire Powerful enough to challenge a nation 40 times it size A nation that shunned the advances of the Industrial age China, population 300 million a third of the people on earth A ancient culture the worlds largest economy Yet closed to outsiders for centuries Those barriers will soon be brought down by a flower December 12,1838 Panton southern China A dead man walking sentenced to die by strangulation British merchants look on What they do next will help trigger a war and bring a seismic shift in the balance of power from east to west A war fought over the most lucrative commodity on the planet Opium Extracted from the poppy seed pod it activates a natural substance in the brain Dopamine that controls feelings of pleasure and reward Generating a sense of euphoria and a physical addiction Ho Lao Chin, runs a lucrative opium den He gets the drug from the British They grow it in India For the British traders it's like printing money For the Chinese it's devastating Dolin: This one drug opium, has such a powerful impact on people's minds that it became the single largest commodity traded world wide in the early 19th century Narrator: 12 million Chinese are addicted 15 times more than the number of heroin addicts in the U.
S.
today Draining China's silver reserves and tearing the country apart Hsu: The addiction to opium was so wide spread than we have about 30 percent of court officials addicted It really was a disease that will cripple a great empire Narrator: The emperor's drug czar writes to Britain's Queen Victoria [Emperor.]
"By what right do they use this poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people, incoveting profit they have no regard for harming others, where is your conscience!" Narrator: The Emperor bands the drug, despite using it himself The government raid shut down opium dens across the country Over 2,000 Chinese dealers imprisoned or executed Narrator: Ho Lao Chin, sentenced to death The Emperor is sending a message to China's British supply James Ennis Tough, volatile, drug trafficker Determined to save a prize customer [Yelling.]
[Ennis.]
"Suddenly they began to beat about the head of executioner's and any china men within reach" Narrator: The brawl ends in a stand off the battle lines are drawn The British refuse to give up their most profitable trade Speaker: It supplied them with as much as one sixth of all revenue's coming into the British treasury So the opium trade was incredibly important to the British Narrator: Within a year British war ships from barred China's coast line China has 26 times the man power of Britain But, Britain the world's leading Industrial nation has ten times the fire power [Loud explosions.]
Narrator: The old order gives way to the new For the next four decades Britain's opium sales to China reach 10 million pounds a year Over 1 Billion dollars today [Gun shooting.]
Narrator: Industry and Commerce make Britain a super power Soon the largest empire in the story of man kind From South Africa to Australia, Hong Kong to Canada A global empire on which the sun never set's Across the Atlantic another conflict between past and future [Gun shooting.]
America, a nation divided The Industrial north verses the agrarian south States grown rich from farming but a economy based on a labor of 4 million slaves Wunderlich: In America were now going to see a clash between North and south between an Industrialized non slave portion of country and a portion of the country that supports an agrarian slave economy and those two things stood in the way of the free thinking which is what we were based on Brands: If you think of it as a marriage the marriage had fallen apart the difference's had become irreconcilable Narrator: The South succeeds American's new President Abraham Lincoln will do anything to keep the nation united The power of Industry will be the key to a new age of warfare Across the globe mankind faces a struggle between industrial might in a older world Launching a new age of warfare America is divided The North fighting to preserve the union The South to break away to preserve its economy based on slave labor Machowicz: Once these two ideas clash Hell is on earth Narrator: July 1863, Gettysburg Pennsylvania After two years of civil war the confederate army invades the north At blockers knoll they have union forces on the run But private Rubin Ruke stands his ground 22 years old, idealist , patriot He writes in his diary "Bullets were whistling about like hail A man behind be was shot,at that same moment the man on my left was killed he, fell with half his lent ahead of him the thought occurred that I might be next.
" Narrator: This will be the bloodiest battle ever fought in U.
S.
soil Industry in the north gives union troops a edge the latest military technology the .
52 caliber sharps carbine 90,000 of them produced in factories in the north they fire 13 rounds per minute four times faster than rubber muskets Ruke's riffle has five times the kill range of older models made deadlier by what's inside An arrow dynamic lead bullet the mini ball four hundred million of them supplied by northern factories day one, rebel troops push through union lines towards the town of Gettysburg by dusk 9,000 soldiers dead or wounded Machowicz: It's the first time you get to truly see industrialized warfare up close and personal the body counts are ridiculous the level of devastation is staggering Wunderlich: The stench must of been incredible the very disagreeable odors of blood the screams of the horses going down the screams of the men who were falling physically it's almost unthinkable of what kept them going Narrator: with a bullet in his leg Ruke is caught in the cross fire [people trying to tell others what to do.]
[shooting.]
[sounds of flies buzzing around bodies.]
In this war 600,000 will loose there lives "There must of been 10 or 12 amputations in this room the doctor's had their sleeves rolled up and were covered in blood Narrator: But the carnage brings medical progress field hospitals on the front line professional doctor's anesthetic's mainly chloroform are pioneered used in 95 percent of all surgical operations through the war The introduction in female nurses greatly improves hygiene and patient care survival rates sky rocket by 60 percent Ruke will survive his wounds and return to his life as a farmer Union troops are forced back but the North superior infrastruture will turn the battle in their favor modern communication's linking headquarters to the battle field more factories, producing better weapons and more railroads bringing reinforcement's weapons and supplies to troops in battle Wunderlich: During the civil war were going to see the union turning out train after train, after train being able to produce incredibly complicated weapons maintain them deliver them at high speed using industrial methodology's all along the way it's world changing Narrator: 15 thousand tons of supplies arrive at Gettysburg by train in just one day The confederate advance falters the battle turns the north's industrial might secures them ultimate victory Four months later Abraham Lincoln consecrates the battle field as a cemetery with the Gettysburg address [Lincoln.]
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought fourth on this continent a new nation concieved in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
" Narrator: America four million slaves gain their freedom the union wins the civil war the nation, united once more [Lincoln.]
"We hear highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vein, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.
" Narrator: In three generations mankind has won new freedoms and harnessed new powers, now the spread of industry will transform our world and excelerate the pace of life creating new dangers, by pushing us to greater heights