The Universe s04e03 Episode Script
It Fell From Space
In the beginning was the darkness.
Suddenly, an explosion occurred, which launched infinity Extension of the existence of time, space and matter.
Every day, new discoveries, revealed the mysteries, umopomrachitelnite and deadly the secrets of the place we call Universe.
Appearing out of nowhere and threaten our existence.
Of falling stones on the houses to rocks the size of Everest create global devastation.
No one is safe.
Some of these intruders are not foreign but space debris created by man.
Be alert, as will be discussed meteorites and space debris.
Fatal Attractions falling from space.
UNIVERSE Fell from space October 6, 2008 At the observatory Catalina Sky in Arizona noticed something not seen before.
The asteroid the size of a jeep is directed towards Earth.
Its speed is over 43 000 km / h.
This caused alarm among international scientific community.
If this asteroid reach the Earth? This site was different, because I probably would have beaten us.
Over the next 21 hours were made to calculate its orbit with precision.
Steve Chezli Laboratory Jet Propulsion emergency calls.
Everyone wants to know where they will fall on this scale.
They sent me the data ran to the office very happy and spent the next hours trying to solve the problem.
Completed that the probability of collision is 100% Chezli estimated that the collision occur in less than 13 hours.
Around 5:45 pm Eastern African Time (EAT).
Target is the Nubian Desert in northern Sudan.
Do not expect to find of an asteroid is about to hit us, and we will not have enough time To predict the location of collision and react.
It was a rare discovery.
The countdown has begun the collision.
Due to lack of time collision avoidance, everyone had to be warned.
The time is 5:45.
Moment occurs.
A commercial airliner flying over the Sudan.
The pilot saw fireball entering the atmosphere.
She has the power of 1000 tons of TNT.
With its entry into the atmosphere, began to burn and disintegrate.
At some point, the pressure on body of atmospheric pressure has become so strong just exploded.
The explosion was very powerful.
On land, 37 kilometers downstream, Sudan returned from morning prayers and heard the terrible roar.
Witnesses saw bright fireball followed by a mysterious lights in the sky.
Scientists had hoped that the asteroid is not sufficiently serious to pass through the atmosphere and strike the surface.
Satellites followed Explosion of fire.
It was not very likely that the cuts of asteroids have survived.
Here people can be threatened by such an event but the threat was not serious due to its small size.
Steve was right -- no evidence of damage due to falling debris in this region.
From the Earth was saved from potential disaster due in part to the isolated area and the small size of the object.
But the story does not end here.
In December 2008 astronomer Peter Yeniskens University of Khartoum, Sudan organized a research team.
He is determined to find incredible.
The meteorites -- the remains survivors the asteroid, called 2008TC3.
We met a group of students and began the search.
where the explosion had occurred, looking for small pieces survived.
The only guide to search engines is a map of the Nubian Desert history taking the asteroid in it.
They used my way as a guide in your search.
Ran all and began to search black desert stones.
But the discovery of small black stones in the rocky desert to find needle in a haystack.
With the advent of sunset on the first day the team is on track Leave empty handed.
Then, one student Stone is suspect.
ONAM student named Mohammed, holding a stone in his hand which apparently was a meteorite.
There was a beautiful black coat and no doubt it was a meteorite.
Then all of a flutter and began to shout and sing.
Subsequently found with a total weight of 5 kg.
For planetary scientists, It's like hitting the jackpot.
This is one of meteorites found.
The rest is much larger.
We believe that the explosion rotate very fast meteors and smoothed by this shape in the air.
has been observed in space and subsequently detected on Earth.
Mission scientists call the "first remains the detection of asteroids.
First detected something in space I knew it would hit us, knew exactly where it falls, while watching fall and even found parts of it.
This is remarkable.
The whole experience was fantastic.
This was an excellent test our ability to react the risk of further clashes in the future.
The next time Earth No such luck.
The scientists suggest scale of the asteroid belt.
This is an area between Jupiter and Mars where asteroids and comets are the masters.
In this crowded galactic region remnants of the formation of Solar System sometimes facing each other broken into smaller pieces.
Just these cuts may to reach Earth.
As for the speed faced by asteroids, bullet is a good analogy.
Asteroids in the asteroid base belt is beaten with more than 18 000 km / h.
The bullet is a good analogy, because circular one fifth of that speed.
So not only are crumbling spray literally in pieces.
We will put our little man asteroids at a safe distance.
Ty real asteroids difficult to detect, use substitutes.
These hit by a bullet are similar to collisions in the asteroid belt.
Let's see what you received.
Something similar happens when a collision of an asteroid.
Usually there are several large waste several medium--sized pieces but nature is very good creation of multiple small fragments.
These small objects we call "Some of the asteroids.
These remains are about the asteroid belt enter inside Part of the Solar System and sometimes collide with our planet.
Close to these objects (NEO) have made our dangerous part of space.
Moving objects with speed across the solar system like cars on the road.
Cars moving at high speed and if not careful and move to another lane, also affected high speed.
Similarly, the objects move in its own orbit around the sun.
Every few years, From the Earth is hitting the rocks the size of football fields, capable of destroying entire cities.
But every half million years are being hit by rocks the size of mountains, capable to cause global devastation.
The Earth's atmosphere -- a layer of gas that surrounds our planet -- most devastated sites.
But sometimes larger and heavy objects survive.
As soon enter the atmosphere who lost their speed.
Lose almost all its momentum.
We now see fireball in the sky.
Although they have lost accelerated, remains a high level of the speed of the surface.
When asteroids come the atmosphere are called meteors, burning fireballs in the sky.
If you reach the surface The meteors are called.
Only in the last century Meteorites have affected households vehicles and even people.
In 1954, 3.
6 kilograms of meteorites through the roof of the house in Silakuga, Alabama and struck a woman in the thigh, leaving his bad temper.
In October 1992, with recreation cameras captured was a ball of fire ride in the sky several states of the Atlantic.
Ultimately, 12 pounds meteorite hit the back of the car in Piykskil, New York.
In November 2008, police records of the chamber bright in the sky of Alberta, Canada.
These show that filmed clashes Some things really fall from the sky.
Most striking is physical evidence a much larger confrontation.
Causing collisions global disasters in the past space and may cause Armageddon in the future.
The Earth has not always been ideal place for people.
Although I was young, before 3.
8 billion years third rock from the sun was space battle zone.
During this short period of time called "Heavy bombardment" billions of debris creation Solar System attacked our planet 20 000 times more often than now.
At that time, Jupiter and Saturn giants in the solar system entered into, gravitational etc.
resonance with each other.
Jupiter last two laps Weather around the sun, Saturn, which makes one.
This event prenaredilo Solar System.
Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter and Saturn had moved and exported more.
This move sent Army of comets and asteroids the inside the solar system.
At the same time, these rocky bodies helped in the formation of our planet, so as it appears today.
These are the scars of battle.
Only 170 craters are discernible today.
Climate, water and tectonic plates are removed most traces of ancient cosmic violence.
The evidence of the brutal past the Earth has a moon, that has formed at the same time but no plate tectonics and other erosion processes that erased the evidence.
The Earth was also striking as often as the moon.
If you look at the moon 'll See the craters on the surface.
You can imagine the Earth Spotted at least as craters, more because it is larger in size.
Counting craters on the Moon scientists can understand number of collisions on Earth past and present.
Scientists can not understand size and composition of asteroids, that hit the Earth, examining the characteristics of the crater.
Today we will try to show weight throw sand and see if there is a link between the amount of gravity and size of the crater, to be.
On the basis of his measurements I found that this beach is a success Of 3 stones with a diameter of 7.
5 cm and 11 stones with a diameter of 5 cm This measurement technique size and frequency of collisions is very similar to the technique through which scientists calculate frequency of collisions in the history of the Earth.
Today, the best preserved craters located in the desert.
Meteor Crater, located near Winslow, Arizona is one of the keys to the destruction of came from outer space.
Scientists are only beginning to know the horrible events.
Planetary geologist Pete Schultz has created a new experiment how to simulate the appearance craters on the surface.
Schultz uses "vertical accelerator" Ames Research Center, representing 30 calibrated gas gun, projectile missiles heterogeneous objectives in a vacuum chamber.
Today we will try to investigate the formation of the crater.
For this we will use glass blocks.
It is clear and we can see the formation of the crater and on the inside.
This ball will be in the role of Asteroid hits the ground.
To enter.
We are in the camera where everything happens.
When you reach the block, ball moved about 6.
4 kilometers per second.
Let's see what from below the surface When he gets an asteroid field.
Outside the high--end camera video cameras record the collision from different angles.
Schultz sees the monitor in the control room with growing enthusiasm.
Vertical Accelerator fires a shooting.
This is just wonderful! The experiment is successful.
Here we see the collision, but it is a cloud of hot gas temperature approaching the sun's surface.
Because of its distance gases are cooled and now we see the formation of crater and the elimination of waste.
Now we see how formed inside the crater.
It's great to go see what happened.
We defeated.
Now we can see how these cracks were formed.
If this was a big shock These cracks grow and the crater could complete collapsed on itself.
Experiments with vertical shed light accelerator induced destruction of large the asteroid falling from space.
We see that the collision not only creates cracks but the waste matter.
This affects life and survival.
If we are affected by a large asteroid It nagoreshti atmosphere.
Debris shed under their cause more destruction.
Scientists have discovered that cosmic collisions have influenced the the evolution of life.
We know that in the past have come to us more asteroids than now.
Some of them are well known, such as collision Cretaceous--Tertiary boundary.
the size of Mount Everest hit the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico energy of 100 million megatonova pump.
It created a crater 160 km Water, which opened in the 80s.
Scientists have found that the collision atmospheric phenomena caused that might have led the mass extinction including the dinosaurs.
There were many consequences have caused the extinction of species.
Air Nagoreshtyavaneto for example, has led many of the fires.
Poisoning of the atmosphere asteroid vanished gases and other environmental disasters occurred simultaneously.
If this is the last event mass extinction caused by an asteroid? New and controversial theory implies that the space rock is responsible for the disappearance of North America large mammals ice age.
Scientists are eager to understand what happened before 13 000 years.
The ice age walk slowly to an end.
North America was inhabited by large animals valnistiya as mastodons, mammoths, giant ground sloths arktodus and giant bear.
Something caused the disappearance families of 35 species.
Many scientists believe that people "Clovis" , Who were hunters and seekers, megabozaynitsite dead.
But shocking new information show that the extinction may be due space object.
Before 13 000 years, climate changed suddenly and quickly.
It seems a a cosmic phenomenon.
It may have been a large meteorite asteroid or comet the explosion in the atmosphere.
Suddenly, the land was returned ice age minor.
North America has been dominated return to the ice conditions.
Is it possible to have a connection between the sudden cold and the disappearance of megabozaynitsite? Archaeologist claims Tenkarsli Kent evidence was found space for collision Sheridan in the cave, located in Carey, Ohio.
This is one of the dates from the time of pleystotsensko final extinction, happened at the end the Ice Age.
In this cave, Tenkarsli and his team have found remains of more than 60 species of plants and animal species that period including hunting weapons The people of Clovis.
I can not believe it.
This is the edge of the town of Clovis, of the rib of megabozaynik.
Perhaps large animal as the American mastodon.
What is remarkable is that man who made this sheet probably saw the case from before 13 000 years.
According Tenkarsli most of the bones found have been intensively burning, which could be caused by forest fires.
The fire must have been caused by a colossal explosion obtained in the collision of space.
Archaeologist claims had discovered evidence.
Hidden in the dark geological layer soil dating from before 12 900 years.
This layer is found in more than 50 excavations in North America.
See this black layer.
Try to unearth some darker areas.
Here is how it seemed the end the last ice age.
Oxidized layer on top of that is happening megabozaynitsite extinction.
Some scholars argue that this layer found evidence pointing to the cosmic collision.
Generated carbon spheres intense fires.
Shock diamonds are created when extreme temperatures and pressures.
Lonsdeyliti -- rare hexagonal diamond found only in meteorites.
And mikrometeoriti -- Miniature pieces of iron and nickel from space.
If we take the magnet and spend in the oxidized layer I think mikrometeoriti muster.
See how the collected material.
Just as a magnet collected in this layer of iron meteorite that attracts magnets.
Because we have high concentration mikrometeoriti only in this layer and not below or above it, It is dated from this layer from before 13 000 years This shows that here amazing thing happened.
We know that in North America a layer of dust and particles just before the formation of black layer.
This shows that something has happened just before the start climate change but still do not know why.
We only know that something happened.
So far not found a crater, but no space to hit the rock face to wreak havoc.
In 1908, the rocky body broke into the atmosphere Tunguska, Siberia.
Energy is released equated to 5 megatons of TNT.
You can imagine what feeling when jumping on a trampoline belly flop into the water.
Small rocky asteroids have experienced the same thing in its rapid entry into the dense the lower layers of the atmosphere.
Immediately after the air Tunguska explosion, shock wave powerful and hot air spread on the surface.
Were destroyed almost 2600 square kilometers forests.
Some scientists have suggested, that such an event may have led the disappearance of Megabozaynitsi North, and have been a causal comet, not an asteroid.
Unlike asteroids, these dirty snowballs contain more gas and ice and are more likely to decompose before they can reach surface.
When the comet theory exploded in the atmosphere that is scattered around site of the explosion and saw a wide variety residue fields.
Who have been closely fires over large areas.
Everything in the area of injury would be destroyed.
At the same time, this event no harm elsewhere in the world.
Only in the collision zone.
This theory, called "Clovis Comet" implies that drastic climatic changes have made to extinction of North American Mammals.
But contrary to conventional wisdom, few of them survived in different areas of the Earth.
BC to 2000 have been Archaeological evidence suggests The Clovis people, not missing after the collision.
They adapt to changes in the environment.
When large mammals Clovis people lived, Lack of these lands people had to change their way of hunting.
You never know with certainty whether event "Clovis" is caused by a comet but modern man survive a collision with a comet? In future it may be undergo a similar test.
Today, Earth scientists sought of these cosmic messengers.
These rocks are in space evidence of past collisions.
Through them, scientists can understand What we have in the future.
Mass extinction.
Craters with a width of 1.
6 kilometers.
Burned landscapes.
All this has created of space objects.
Meteorites fall to Earth solar system formation.
Where can we find these rocks? Most meteorites are easily in dry desert areas like the desert Sahara or Antarctica where no vegetation and other rocks with which they are confused.
The meteorites fall everywhere the Earth at the same pace.
Minakshi Uadua cosmic chemistry, travels the world searching for meteorites.
From here, take care of the elderly University Library of meteorites in the world.
See the collection of meteorites Arizona State University.
There are three main types of meteorites -- stone, stone, iron or iron.
The three feature a little metal so that we can distinguish meteorite terrestrial rocks metal content.
Another way to distinguish meteorite is a rock of the earth, If the fusion crust meteorite formed when entering the atmosphere.
Most of the meteorites discovered came from the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars.
However, some of them have come of the Moon or Mars.
The idea is that a large asteroid impacted on the Moon or Mars, pull parts of the cortex involved in unstable orbits, cross the orbit of the Earth and so have come here.
This is part of a lunar meteorite we believe originates highest parts of the moon.
We know that the lunar meteorite because you can compare with lunar rocks, which are ñäîáèõìå for the Apollo missions the late 60's and early 70's.
Meteorites are valuable exploration sites.
Despite being destroyed life again and again that may have supplied chemicals needed for the Earth for the design of life.
This is one of the best studied meteorites in the world.
He fell in 1969 in Mexico it is interesting these white grains, probably are some of the first solid formed in the solar years the system 4.
5 billion years.
These beans, in combination atmospheric chemicals and organic compounds on Earth may have created a mixture of of amino acids -- basic ingredients of life.
Amino acids are played important role in the genesis and later in evolution of life on our planet.
Once, meteorites may have supplied necessary ingredients for life, but can also be concern when they come to us without notice.
September 19, 2007 Fiery meteor falls from the sky and crashes into the soft soil near the Peruvian city Karanka the border with Bolivia.
Debris flew more than 180 meters meteorite left a crater wide and 15 meters depth of 4.
5 m.
A man driving his bicycle and was shot down.
Another witness saw cloud rising from the blast.
Local people had any idea what this is.
Think work of the military.
However, they were very close the border with Bolivia.
Scientists are convinced of the premises, that the crater was caused by a meteorite instead of deposit.
Immediately after the collision, many villagers complained of headaches and vomiting.
They are probably sick because sulfur or fine powder that is inhaled.
The fumes may have come the tail of meteorites as they fall.
He is the evaporation and melting until passes through the atmosphere.
Collision itself more gas is released.
Is it possible the spatial scale deliver harmful elements on Earth? Science fiction and assume that the conspirators meteorites that can bring deadly bacteria or viruses.
But what is truth and what is fiction? The probability that happening is very small.
If a rock falls to Earth and microbial life survives our atmosphere to it would be very poisonous.
Each microbe became anaerobic environment without oxygen could not long survive in an atmosphere with oxygen.
Chance of Peruvian meteorite It creates a space biological pump is negligible.
But if this small stony meteorite was beaten near the settlement consequences would be are very different.
Would be seen as explosion of a bomb.
He has enough power Because it is hollow could be fit several cars.
Peruvian meteorite collision demonstrates once again the unpredictability of the objects falling from the sky.
The space rocks are not the only objects that can hurt us.
Each year, our planet is strike by about 200 heavy objects.
They are not foreign but are created by man.
February 1, 2003, Space Shuttle Columbia was about to complete its mission when the disaster occurred.
Shuttle to turn entry into the atmosphere.
Debris fell in the U.
S.
Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas.
The seven members of the crew died.
Friction with the atmosphere leads a strong nagoreshtyavane some important elements were damaged.
This led to the fall all the shuttle and fragments were scattered over a wide radius.
Accidents on spacecraft returned are rare, but not space debris.
Since the beginning of the space age rockets have led to thousands of satellites in orbit around our planet.
We have delivered on Earth space with missile parts damaged satellites fuel tanks and several elements and articles in separate clashes other debris.
They circled over space debris Earth as a cosmic garbage dump.
Some of them, sooner or later fall to Earth.
The question is where and when.
Things that fall in the atmosphere are dangerous because if you get through it, can affect anyone.
On Earth, have already fallen In 1979, Skylab, station first spacecraft debris scattered along the Indian Ocean and parts of Australia.
In 1997, a piece of metal the size of a DVD fell from the sky and scratched a woman on the shoulder Near Tolsa Oklahoma.
No one was injured, , But hundreds of miles away This tank 260 lbs Stainless steel fell near to a farm in Texas.
Both are parts of same type of Delta--2 rocket.
This is a bit of a mission who was in orbit around nine months.
It entered the atmosphere in northern U.
S.
and Canada.
In the fall separated several pieces this is the greatest.
In Aerospace Corporation In El Segundo, California, The scientific study of space debris to understand that the materials survived the fall and why and how to reduce damage.
This is a remnant of missiles brought by GPS satellite in orbit.
It was discovered in Saudi Arabia and is made of titanium, which melts at very high temperature and survived.
Upon reaching the surface fluctuated around 240 km / h.
Why objects fall Back to Earth? Most of the waste is LEO about 950 kilometers above the surface.
The objects may remain Space tens or hundreds of years, because there is no air resistance.
But sooner or later be subjected to "Orbital decay.
Lose their energy due low atmospheric attraction and severity take them down.
Satellites fall, sometimes rapidly, sometimes slowly, due to a slight contact with the atmosphere, that eventually creates resistance.
Over time, withdrawn from the resistance of its orbit and fall.
Most waste burning penetration in the atmosphere.
Some wastes are made a more durable material such as stainless steel and titanium, to withstand high temperatures.
Once you pass through the dense atmosphere free must fall to the surface.
They represent a very low speed In fact, during a relatively short time which was delayed due to the orbital velocity to a relatively low speed.
International Space Community has new requirements structure most sites, including the drive system so they can fall be addressed by water.
The international community agrees that an acceptable risk for falling objects is 1:10 000, which means that every object falling 10 000 will be beaten more a person on the planet.
To improve security should guide the fall of fragments to a safe area by the ocean.
The new guidance systems are not power over thousands of ancient artifacts and in space.
Unfortunately, there are objects in space established before entering this requirement and descend slowly to us.
Time will pass before to neutralize the threat.
It is no longer science fiction.
Foreigners and those created by us sites continued to fall to Earth.
We are forced to continually searches the heavens for sites capable of destroying homes neighborhood and even worse -- to destroy civilization.
Suddenly, an explosion occurred, which launched infinity Extension of the existence of time, space and matter.
Every day, new discoveries, revealed the mysteries, umopomrachitelnite and deadly the secrets of the place we call Universe.
Appearing out of nowhere and threaten our existence.
Of falling stones on the houses to rocks the size of Everest create global devastation.
No one is safe.
Some of these intruders are not foreign but space debris created by man.
Be alert, as will be discussed meteorites and space debris.
Fatal Attractions falling from space.
UNIVERSE Fell from space October 6, 2008 At the observatory Catalina Sky in Arizona noticed something not seen before.
The asteroid the size of a jeep is directed towards Earth.
Its speed is over 43 000 km / h.
This caused alarm among international scientific community.
If this asteroid reach the Earth? This site was different, because I probably would have beaten us.
Over the next 21 hours were made to calculate its orbit with precision.
Steve Chezli Laboratory Jet Propulsion emergency calls.
Everyone wants to know where they will fall on this scale.
They sent me the data ran to the office very happy and spent the next hours trying to solve the problem.
Completed that the probability of collision is 100% Chezli estimated that the collision occur in less than 13 hours.
Around 5:45 pm Eastern African Time (EAT).
Target is the Nubian Desert in northern Sudan.
Do not expect to find of an asteroid is about to hit us, and we will not have enough time To predict the location of collision and react.
It was a rare discovery.
The countdown has begun the collision.
Due to lack of time collision avoidance, everyone had to be warned.
The time is 5:45.
Moment occurs.
A commercial airliner flying over the Sudan.
The pilot saw fireball entering the atmosphere.
She has the power of 1000 tons of TNT.
With its entry into the atmosphere, began to burn and disintegrate.
At some point, the pressure on body of atmospheric pressure has become so strong just exploded.
The explosion was very powerful.
On land, 37 kilometers downstream, Sudan returned from morning prayers and heard the terrible roar.
Witnesses saw bright fireball followed by a mysterious lights in the sky.
Scientists had hoped that the asteroid is not sufficiently serious to pass through the atmosphere and strike the surface.
Satellites followed Explosion of fire.
It was not very likely that the cuts of asteroids have survived.
Here people can be threatened by such an event but the threat was not serious due to its small size.
Steve was right -- no evidence of damage due to falling debris in this region.
From the Earth was saved from potential disaster due in part to the isolated area and the small size of the object.
But the story does not end here.
In December 2008 astronomer Peter Yeniskens University of Khartoum, Sudan organized a research team.
He is determined to find incredible.
The meteorites -- the remains survivors the asteroid, called 2008TC3.
We met a group of students and began the search.
where the explosion had occurred, looking for small pieces survived.
The only guide to search engines is a map of the Nubian Desert history taking the asteroid in it.
They used my way as a guide in your search.
Ran all and began to search black desert stones.
But the discovery of small black stones in the rocky desert to find needle in a haystack.
With the advent of sunset on the first day the team is on track Leave empty handed.
Then, one student Stone is suspect.
ONAM student named Mohammed, holding a stone in his hand which apparently was a meteorite.
There was a beautiful black coat and no doubt it was a meteorite.
Then all of a flutter and began to shout and sing.
Subsequently found with a total weight of 5 kg.
For planetary scientists, It's like hitting the jackpot.
This is one of meteorites found.
The rest is much larger.
We believe that the explosion rotate very fast meteors and smoothed by this shape in the air.
has been observed in space and subsequently detected on Earth.
Mission scientists call the "first remains the detection of asteroids.
First detected something in space I knew it would hit us, knew exactly where it falls, while watching fall and even found parts of it.
This is remarkable.
The whole experience was fantastic.
This was an excellent test our ability to react the risk of further clashes in the future.
The next time Earth No such luck.
The scientists suggest scale of the asteroid belt.
This is an area between Jupiter and Mars where asteroids and comets are the masters.
In this crowded galactic region remnants of the formation of Solar System sometimes facing each other broken into smaller pieces.
Just these cuts may to reach Earth.
As for the speed faced by asteroids, bullet is a good analogy.
Asteroids in the asteroid base belt is beaten with more than 18 000 km / h.
The bullet is a good analogy, because circular one fifth of that speed.
So not only are crumbling spray literally in pieces.
We will put our little man asteroids at a safe distance.
Ty real asteroids difficult to detect, use substitutes.
These hit by a bullet are similar to collisions in the asteroid belt.
Let's see what you received.
Something similar happens when a collision of an asteroid.
Usually there are several large waste several medium--sized pieces but nature is very good creation of multiple small fragments.
These small objects we call "Some of the asteroids.
These remains are about the asteroid belt enter inside Part of the Solar System and sometimes collide with our planet.
Close to these objects (NEO) have made our dangerous part of space.
Moving objects with speed across the solar system like cars on the road.
Cars moving at high speed and if not careful and move to another lane, also affected high speed.
Similarly, the objects move in its own orbit around the sun.
Every few years, From the Earth is hitting the rocks the size of football fields, capable of destroying entire cities.
But every half million years are being hit by rocks the size of mountains, capable to cause global devastation.
The Earth's atmosphere -- a layer of gas that surrounds our planet -- most devastated sites.
But sometimes larger and heavy objects survive.
As soon enter the atmosphere who lost their speed.
Lose almost all its momentum.
We now see fireball in the sky.
Although they have lost accelerated, remains a high level of the speed of the surface.
When asteroids come the atmosphere are called meteors, burning fireballs in the sky.
If you reach the surface The meteors are called.
Only in the last century Meteorites have affected households vehicles and even people.
In 1954, 3.
6 kilograms of meteorites through the roof of the house in Silakuga, Alabama and struck a woman in the thigh, leaving his bad temper.
In October 1992, with recreation cameras captured was a ball of fire ride in the sky several states of the Atlantic.
Ultimately, 12 pounds meteorite hit the back of the car in Piykskil, New York.
In November 2008, police records of the chamber bright in the sky of Alberta, Canada.
These show that filmed clashes Some things really fall from the sky.
Most striking is physical evidence a much larger confrontation.
Causing collisions global disasters in the past space and may cause Armageddon in the future.
The Earth has not always been ideal place for people.
Although I was young, before 3.
8 billion years third rock from the sun was space battle zone.
During this short period of time called "Heavy bombardment" billions of debris creation Solar System attacked our planet 20 000 times more often than now.
At that time, Jupiter and Saturn giants in the solar system entered into, gravitational etc.
resonance with each other.
Jupiter last two laps Weather around the sun, Saturn, which makes one.
This event prenaredilo Solar System.
Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter and Saturn had moved and exported more.
This move sent Army of comets and asteroids the inside the solar system.
At the same time, these rocky bodies helped in the formation of our planet, so as it appears today.
These are the scars of battle.
Only 170 craters are discernible today.
Climate, water and tectonic plates are removed most traces of ancient cosmic violence.
The evidence of the brutal past the Earth has a moon, that has formed at the same time but no plate tectonics and other erosion processes that erased the evidence.
The Earth was also striking as often as the moon.
If you look at the moon 'll See the craters on the surface.
You can imagine the Earth Spotted at least as craters, more because it is larger in size.
Counting craters on the Moon scientists can understand number of collisions on Earth past and present.
Scientists can not understand size and composition of asteroids, that hit the Earth, examining the characteristics of the crater.
Today we will try to show weight throw sand and see if there is a link between the amount of gravity and size of the crater, to be.
On the basis of his measurements I found that this beach is a success Of 3 stones with a diameter of 7.
5 cm and 11 stones with a diameter of 5 cm This measurement technique size and frequency of collisions is very similar to the technique through which scientists calculate frequency of collisions in the history of the Earth.
Today, the best preserved craters located in the desert.
Meteor Crater, located near Winslow, Arizona is one of the keys to the destruction of came from outer space.
Scientists are only beginning to know the horrible events.
Planetary geologist Pete Schultz has created a new experiment how to simulate the appearance craters on the surface.
Schultz uses "vertical accelerator" Ames Research Center, representing 30 calibrated gas gun, projectile missiles heterogeneous objectives in a vacuum chamber.
Today we will try to investigate the formation of the crater.
For this we will use glass blocks.
It is clear and we can see the formation of the crater and on the inside.
This ball will be in the role of Asteroid hits the ground.
To enter.
We are in the camera where everything happens.
When you reach the block, ball moved about 6.
4 kilometers per second.
Let's see what from below the surface When he gets an asteroid field.
Outside the high--end camera video cameras record the collision from different angles.
Schultz sees the monitor in the control room with growing enthusiasm.
Vertical Accelerator fires a shooting.
This is just wonderful! The experiment is successful.
Here we see the collision, but it is a cloud of hot gas temperature approaching the sun's surface.
Because of its distance gases are cooled and now we see the formation of crater and the elimination of waste.
Now we see how formed inside the crater.
It's great to go see what happened.
We defeated.
Now we can see how these cracks were formed.
If this was a big shock These cracks grow and the crater could complete collapsed on itself.
Experiments with vertical shed light accelerator induced destruction of large the asteroid falling from space.
We see that the collision not only creates cracks but the waste matter.
This affects life and survival.
If we are affected by a large asteroid It nagoreshti atmosphere.
Debris shed under their cause more destruction.
Scientists have discovered that cosmic collisions have influenced the the evolution of life.
We know that in the past have come to us more asteroids than now.
Some of them are well known, such as collision Cretaceous--Tertiary boundary.
the size of Mount Everest hit the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico energy of 100 million megatonova pump.
It created a crater 160 km Water, which opened in the 80s.
Scientists have found that the collision atmospheric phenomena caused that might have led the mass extinction including the dinosaurs.
There were many consequences have caused the extinction of species.
Air Nagoreshtyavaneto for example, has led many of the fires.
Poisoning of the atmosphere asteroid vanished gases and other environmental disasters occurred simultaneously.
If this is the last event mass extinction caused by an asteroid? New and controversial theory implies that the space rock is responsible for the disappearance of North America large mammals ice age.
Scientists are eager to understand what happened before 13 000 years.
The ice age walk slowly to an end.
North America was inhabited by large animals valnistiya as mastodons, mammoths, giant ground sloths arktodus and giant bear.
Something caused the disappearance families of 35 species.
Many scientists believe that people "Clovis" , Who were hunters and seekers, megabozaynitsite dead.
But shocking new information show that the extinction may be due space object.
Before 13 000 years, climate changed suddenly and quickly.
It seems a a cosmic phenomenon.
It may have been a large meteorite asteroid or comet the explosion in the atmosphere.
Suddenly, the land was returned ice age minor.
North America has been dominated return to the ice conditions.
Is it possible to have a connection between the sudden cold and the disappearance of megabozaynitsite? Archaeologist claims Tenkarsli Kent evidence was found space for collision Sheridan in the cave, located in Carey, Ohio.
This is one of the dates from the time of pleystotsensko final extinction, happened at the end the Ice Age.
In this cave, Tenkarsli and his team have found remains of more than 60 species of plants and animal species that period including hunting weapons The people of Clovis.
I can not believe it.
This is the edge of the town of Clovis, of the rib of megabozaynik.
Perhaps large animal as the American mastodon.
What is remarkable is that man who made this sheet probably saw the case from before 13 000 years.
According Tenkarsli most of the bones found have been intensively burning, which could be caused by forest fires.
The fire must have been caused by a colossal explosion obtained in the collision of space.
Archaeologist claims had discovered evidence.
Hidden in the dark geological layer soil dating from before 12 900 years.
This layer is found in more than 50 excavations in North America.
See this black layer.
Try to unearth some darker areas.
Here is how it seemed the end the last ice age.
Oxidized layer on top of that is happening megabozaynitsite extinction.
Some scholars argue that this layer found evidence pointing to the cosmic collision.
Generated carbon spheres intense fires.
Shock diamonds are created when extreme temperatures and pressures.
Lonsdeyliti -- rare hexagonal diamond found only in meteorites.
And mikrometeoriti -- Miniature pieces of iron and nickel from space.
If we take the magnet and spend in the oxidized layer I think mikrometeoriti muster.
See how the collected material.
Just as a magnet collected in this layer of iron meteorite that attracts magnets.
Because we have high concentration mikrometeoriti only in this layer and not below or above it, It is dated from this layer from before 13 000 years This shows that here amazing thing happened.
We know that in North America a layer of dust and particles just before the formation of black layer.
This shows that something has happened just before the start climate change but still do not know why.
We only know that something happened.
So far not found a crater, but no space to hit the rock face to wreak havoc.
In 1908, the rocky body broke into the atmosphere Tunguska, Siberia.
Energy is released equated to 5 megatons of TNT.
You can imagine what feeling when jumping on a trampoline belly flop into the water.
Small rocky asteroids have experienced the same thing in its rapid entry into the dense the lower layers of the atmosphere.
Immediately after the air Tunguska explosion, shock wave powerful and hot air spread on the surface.
Were destroyed almost 2600 square kilometers forests.
Some scientists have suggested, that such an event may have led the disappearance of Megabozaynitsi North, and have been a causal comet, not an asteroid.
Unlike asteroids, these dirty snowballs contain more gas and ice and are more likely to decompose before they can reach surface.
When the comet theory exploded in the atmosphere that is scattered around site of the explosion and saw a wide variety residue fields.
Who have been closely fires over large areas.
Everything in the area of injury would be destroyed.
At the same time, this event no harm elsewhere in the world.
Only in the collision zone.
This theory, called "Clovis Comet" implies that drastic climatic changes have made to extinction of North American Mammals.
But contrary to conventional wisdom, few of them survived in different areas of the Earth.
BC to 2000 have been Archaeological evidence suggests The Clovis people, not missing after the collision.
They adapt to changes in the environment.
When large mammals Clovis people lived, Lack of these lands people had to change their way of hunting.
You never know with certainty whether event "Clovis" is caused by a comet but modern man survive a collision with a comet? In future it may be undergo a similar test.
Today, Earth scientists sought of these cosmic messengers.
These rocks are in space evidence of past collisions.
Through them, scientists can understand What we have in the future.
Mass extinction.
Craters with a width of 1.
6 kilometers.
Burned landscapes.
All this has created of space objects.
Meteorites fall to Earth solar system formation.
Where can we find these rocks? Most meteorites are easily in dry desert areas like the desert Sahara or Antarctica where no vegetation and other rocks with which they are confused.
The meteorites fall everywhere the Earth at the same pace.
Minakshi Uadua cosmic chemistry, travels the world searching for meteorites.
From here, take care of the elderly University Library of meteorites in the world.
See the collection of meteorites Arizona State University.
There are three main types of meteorites -- stone, stone, iron or iron.
The three feature a little metal so that we can distinguish meteorite terrestrial rocks metal content.
Another way to distinguish meteorite is a rock of the earth, If the fusion crust meteorite formed when entering the atmosphere.
Most of the meteorites discovered came from the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars.
However, some of them have come of the Moon or Mars.
The idea is that a large asteroid impacted on the Moon or Mars, pull parts of the cortex involved in unstable orbits, cross the orbit of the Earth and so have come here.
This is part of a lunar meteorite we believe originates highest parts of the moon.
We know that the lunar meteorite because you can compare with lunar rocks, which are ñäîáèõìå for the Apollo missions the late 60's and early 70's.
Meteorites are valuable exploration sites.
Despite being destroyed life again and again that may have supplied chemicals needed for the Earth for the design of life.
This is one of the best studied meteorites in the world.
He fell in 1969 in Mexico it is interesting these white grains, probably are some of the first solid formed in the solar years the system 4.
5 billion years.
These beans, in combination atmospheric chemicals and organic compounds on Earth may have created a mixture of of amino acids -- basic ingredients of life.
Amino acids are played important role in the genesis and later in evolution of life on our planet.
Once, meteorites may have supplied necessary ingredients for life, but can also be concern when they come to us without notice.
September 19, 2007 Fiery meteor falls from the sky and crashes into the soft soil near the Peruvian city Karanka the border with Bolivia.
Debris flew more than 180 meters meteorite left a crater wide and 15 meters depth of 4.
5 m.
A man driving his bicycle and was shot down.
Another witness saw cloud rising from the blast.
Local people had any idea what this is.
Think work of the military.
However, they were very close the border with Bolivia.
Scientists are convinced of the premises, that the crater was caused by a meteorite instead of deposit.
Immediately after the collision, many villagers complained of headaches and vomiting.
They are probably sick because sulfur or fine powder that is inhaled.
The fumes may have come the tail of meteorites as they fall.
He is the evaporation and melting until passes through the atmosphere.
Collision itself more gas is released.
Is it possible the spatial scale deliver harmful elements on Earth? Science fiction and assume that the conspirators meteorites that can bring deadly bacteria or viruses.
But what is truth and what is fiction? The probability that happening is very small.
If a rock falls to Earth and microbial life survives our atmosphere to it would be very poisonous.
Each microbe became anaerobic environment without oxygen could not long survive in an atmosphere with oxygen.
Chance of Peruvian meteorite It creates a space biological pump is negligible.
But if this small stony meteorite was beaten near the settlement consequences would be are very different.
Would be seen as explosion of a bomb.
He has enough power Because it is hollow could be fit several cars.
Peruvian meteorite collision demonstrates once again the unpredictability of the objects falling from the sky.
The space rocks are not the only objects that can hurt us.
Each year, our planet is strike by about 200 heavy objects.
They are not foreign but are created by man.
February 1, 2003, Space Shuttle Columbia was about to complete its mission when the disaster occurred.
Shuttle to turn entry into the atmosphere.
Debris fell in the U.
S.
Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas.
The seven members of the crew died.
Friction with the atmosphere leads a strong nagoreshtyavane some important elements were damaged.
This led to the fall all the shuttle and fragments were scattered over a wide radius.
Accidents on spacecraft returned are rare, but not space debris.
Since the beginning of the space age rockets have led to thousands of satellites in orbit around our planet.
We have delivered on Earth space with missile parts damaged satellites fuel tanks and several elements and articles in separate clashes other debris.
They circled over space debris Earth as a cosmic garbage dump.
Some of them, sooner or later fall to Earth.
The question is where and when.
Things that fall in the atmosphere are dangerous because if you get through it, can affect anyone.
On Earth, have already fallen In 1979, Skylab, station first spacecraft debris scattered along the Indian Ocean and parts of Australia.
In 1997, a piece of metal the size of a DVD fell from the sky and scratched a woman on the shoulder Near Tolsa Oklahoma.
No one was injured, , But hundreds of miles away This tank 260 lbs Stainless steel fell near to a farm in Texas.
Both are parts of same type of Delta--2 rocket.
This is a bit of a mission who was in orbit around nine months.
It entered the atmosphere in northern U.
S.
and Canada.
In the fall separated several pieces this is the greatest.
In Aerospace Corporation In El Segundo, California, The scientific study of space debris to understand that the materials survived the fall and why and how to reduce damage.
This is a remnant of missiles brought by GPS satellite in orbit.
It was discovered in Saudi Arabia and is made of titanium, which melts at very high temperature and survived.
Upon reaching the surface fluctuated around 240 km / h.
Why objects fall Back to Earth? Most of the waste is LEO about 950 kilometers above the surface.
The objects may remain Space tens or hundreds of years, because there is no air resistance.
But sooner or later be subjected to "Orbital decay.
Lose their energy due low atmospheric attraction and severity take them down.
Satellites fall, sometimes rapidly, sometimes slowly, due to a slight contact with the atmosphere, that eventually creates resistance.
Over time, withdrawn from the resistance of its orbit and fall.
Most waste burning penetration in the atmosphere.
Some wastes are made a more durable material such as stainless steel and titanium, to withstand high temperatures.
Once you pass through the dense atmosphere free must fall to the surface.
They represent a very low speed In fact, during a relatively short time which was delayed due to the orbital velocity to a relatively low speed.
International Space Community has new requirements structure most sites, including the drive system so they can fall be addressed by water.
The international community agrees that an acceptable risk for falling objects is 1:10 000, which means that every object falling 10 000 will be beaten more a person on the planet.
To improve security should guide the fall of fragments to a safe area by the ocean.
The new guidance systems are not power over thousands of ancient artifacts and in space.
Unfortunately, there are objects in space established before entering this requirement and descend slowly to us.
Time will pass before to neutralize the threat.
It is no longer science fiction.
Foreigners and those created by us sites continued to fall to Earth.
We are forced to continually searches the heavens for sites capable of destroying homes neighborhood and even worse -- to destroy civilization.